In recent years, venture capital firms have increasingly turned to foreign countries in search of investment opportunities. The cross-border expansion of venture capital firms presents an interesting case of internationalization, because they are at variance with both conventional portfolio and...

The World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey measures entrepreneurial activity around the world. The database includes cross-country, time-series data on the number of total and newly registered businesses for 84 countries. This paper finds significant relationships between entrepreneurial...

Since 1995 two Spanish banks -- Banco Santander Central Hispano and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya -- have become the largest foreign banks in retail banking in Latin America. This recent development merits careful analysis because foreign direct investment is rare in retail banking. We find that the...

Family-led banks in the global economy -- A family bank's origins -- The industrial group -- Survival of the biggest? -- The new world -- Alliances, and their limits -- Back to Europe -- Managerial style, governance, succession -- The future of a global group

We argue that higher-status organizations, those facing a greater network constraint, and those whose network partners have already expanded abroad are more likely to pursue opportunities in foreign markets. We also argue that social networks affect how the organization reacts to uncertainty in...