This Brief seeks to improve the understanding of the relation between (cripplingly) expensive capabilities and complex security challenges. What are the true effects of cost escalation of weapon systems? And is European defence suffering as a result?

Back in 2012, when NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said that "there is a price to pay for security, but the cost of insecurity can be much higher," there were few who fully grasped just how accurate his warning was. For many years, European defence budgets have largely been...

This paper uses data from the Migrant Samples of the German Socio-Economic Panel to study the fertility behaviour of women who migrated to Germany between 1990 and 2015. Special emphasis is placed on the large groups of migrants who have moved to Germany from Central and Eastern European (CEE)...