A commonly misunderstood characteristic of ERM in Switzerland is that it is perceived as a risk minimization tool. However, ERM is about controlling an ideal risk exposure level to pursue strategic objectives. ERM has emerged as an important business topic in Switzerland. As major challenges...

The aim of this research is to examine the evolvement of enterprise risk management (ERM) in Sweden. We examine how the Swedish legal and self-regulatory framework influences ERM development. We examine the impact of ERM research on practice, the professionalization of ERM facilitated by...

The aim of this study is to investigate whether and how Spanish listed companies adopt formalized and integrated models of risk management during the period 2016–2018 and disclose them inside annual reports. Such investigation rebuilds the international regulatory and self-regulatory framework...

The present chapter tries to assess the state of art of enterprise risk management (ERM) among Portuguese non-financial companies regarding two main aspects: the ERM background in Portugal and the level of disclosure of ERM practices by non-financial listed companies. Since the analysis of...

In this chapter, I present the development of enterprise risk management (ERM) in Poland from the policy and the organizational point of view. I examine the impact of ERM research on practice, and the professionalization of ERM, being facilitated by professional bodies and associations, and...

Since the mid-1990s, enterprise risk management (ERM) has proliferated in both the private and public sector as a holistic, enterprise-wide approach to risk management. In this chapter, we begin by exploring the economic, regulatory and professional context of ERM practices in Norway. To gain an...

After the Royal Ahold accounting scandal occurred in 2003, the Dutch government responded by publishing a new Corporate Governance code, often referred to as the “Tabaksblat Code”, updated in 2016. The Code focuses on long-term value creation by emphasizing risk management and accountability...

This chapter aims to advance the debate on enterprise risk management (ERM) frameworks within different contexts. We discuss the economic, business and regulatory environments that set the framework for company risk management practices in Lithuania while contrasting ERM features at the company...

In this chapter, we address the operationalization of the enterprise risk management (ERM) system in Italy. We first present some Italian economic highlights emphasizing the uncertainty characterizing the domestic development, and we focus on the recent changes in domestic regulation which are...

Most non-financial companies in Greece do not have an ERM function nor present one in their organizational charts. The enterprise risk management is still more theory than practice even for companies that have embraced it so far, and in general the enterprise risk management seems to be at its...