The surge of e-commerce has revolutionized distribution channels, escalating from simple single-channel frameworks to complex multi-channel and omni-channel networks. In particular developments in information technology and rising customer expectations have popularized the transition from multi-...

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to develop a mathematical model that describes group learning processes with and without worker turnover. Design/methodology/approach – Based on an extensive literature review, fundamental characteristics of group learning processes are first identified...