In this article, we compare daily scoring from the 1980s in periods when professional golfers were required to use local caddies at the Western Open professional golf tournament at Butler National and at the Masters professional golf tournament at Augusta National with daily scoring in adjoining...

In this paper empirical evidence is presented on the determinants of obesity in youth in the U.S., with particular emphasis on isolating the effects of diet and parent's fatness on the obesity outcome. The results show that parents fatness has statistically important impacts on skinfold growth...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the market for optometric services in the United States. This paper is divided into seven sections. In the first section an overview of the practice of optometry is presented. This is succeeded by an examination of the distribution of eye health...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the production process of optometrists in private practice. This study will then provide further evidence on the entrepreneurial performance of primary health professionals in private practice. If optometrists also appear to be using inefficient production...

In this paper the betting on baseball games from April 8, 1987 to May 12, 1987 attributed to Pete Rose in the Dowd Report to the Commissioner of Baseball is analyzed. The results show Rose lost $4,200 betting on the Cincinnati Reds, the team which he managed; $36,000 betting on other teams in the...

Many states of the U.S. use population formulas to limit the number of on premise or off premise retail alcoholic beverage consumption outlets. The purposes of these restrictions are to reduce the negative externalities from alcoholic beverage consumption and to limit the spillovers associated...

In this article, the authors present survival function estimates for elite professional golfers who have participated on the Champions professional golf tour. Kaplan–Meier survivor function estimates for these golfers show median survival of 89 years and mean life expectancy of 85 years....

In this paper I examine driving distance on the PGA and LPGA tours, 1993 to 2012. I use piecewise regression to identify separate periods of change in the annual average driving distance - year relationship. These are: 1993 – 1999, 1999 – 2000, 2001 – 2003, and 2003 – 2012. I argue that...

In the 1999-2000 women’s collegiate golf season the proportion of women golfers competing for Ivy League schools that were Asian (of Asian descent) and played in at least six tournaments was .22. Over the next eight collegiate golf seasons this proportion fell as low as .08 and was .14 for the...