Because ports have been rapidly expanding, port cities have been exposed to air pollution. Air pollution in port cities that has resulted from the intense expansion of ports has become a pressing concern. Although several studies have discussed the relationship between port and city functions...

With sustained high bunker prices, new methods for choosing optimal bunkering ports to save on total operating costs have appeared in research involving liner shipping companies. Generally speaking, the bunkering port selection problem is solved by utilizing ship planning software. However, this...

Changes in world trade and the shipping environment have created ever-increasing competition between ports in North-east Asia, especially Korea and China. Following intensive state investment in port developments through large-scale projects, Chinese ports now threaten to oust Busan in Korea as...

In the twenty-first century, the development of the aerotropolis is recognized as one of the major contributors to the local and national economy in terms of stimulating new investment, fostering employment and creating new business opportunities. It is important to acknowledge the...

Purpose - The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has promulgated strict regulations on emissions in the maritime shipping industry. LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is, therefore, recognized as the optimal fuel alternative solution. The aim of this study is to select the most suitable location...