Purpose – In today’s increasingly globalized world, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a hotbed for discussion. Numerous studies have been undertaken regarding FDI, its determinants and benefits, but very few works provide importance to the effect of political risk on the inflow of FDI. Some...

Previous research that investigated the relationship between the black market and the official exchange rate employed cointegration analysis to establish the long-run relationship and Granger causality to detect the short-run causality between the two rates (for a small number of countries). In...

In a recent article, with a strong theoretical argument but poor empiricalsupport, military spending was identified to be a determinant of realexchange rate or a factor causing the PPP to deviate from equilibriumexchange rate. The poor empirical results were mostly due to a small numberof...

Bilateral real exchange rate is used in examining the price of domestic goods in terms of partner's goods and it is especially useful for bilateral modelling. On the other hand, real effective exchange rate serves as the price of domestic goods in terms of a basket of foreign goods and is...

The autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), even though it distinguishes between the short run and the long run effect, allows both the intercepts and slopes to vary across countries. Static panel estimations, such as fixed-effects estimation (FE), cannot distinguish between the short run...

Currency depreciation is said to worsen the trade balance first before resulting in an improvement, yielding a short-run pattern labelled the J-curve phenomenon. While early studies tested the J-curve by using aggregate trade data, a few recent studies have employed bilateral data,mostly between...

According to the productivity bias hypothesis countries have a tendency for real appreciation in their domestic currency as a result of a productivity shock and the tendency is more pronounced in the non-tradable sectors. Balassa (1964) examines this thesis for 12 OECD countries in a cross...

Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) conducted by the multilateral organizations like the World Bank and IMF falls under the domain of Judgmental Projection reflecting their views or judgment about the economy. The study incorporates time series forecast using ARIMA method to analyze debt...

In empirically validating the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) model of trade, the preponderant majority of the literature has concentrated on the net factor content of trade. Contrastingly, by utilizing an industrial-level data set of nine OECD countries, this paper applies data envelopment analysis...

Testing purchasing power parity (PPP) using black market exchange rate data has gained popularity in recent times. It is claimed that black market exchange rate data more often support the PPP than the official exchange rate data. In this study, to assess both the long run stability of exchange...