The topic of non-budget firms is currently of interest because of many factors including cost, morale, and functionality. Using survey findings, this study adds to that body of knowledge by exploring characteristics of firms that do not use budgets. The results from this study suggest that...

Several empirical studies have challenged tournament theory by pointing out that (1) there is considerable pay variation within hierarchy levels, (2) promotion premiums only in part explain hierarchical wage differences and (3) external recruitment is observable on nearly any hierarchy level. We...

Firms regularly use incentives to motivate their employees to be more productive. However, often little attention is paid to the language used in employment contracts to describe these incentives. It may be more effective to present incentives as entitlements that can be lost by failing to reach...