Different from local sales, offering free shipping can be a strategic decision for the retailers/brands who sell products to overseas customers. This also significantly influences the carrier's pricing decisions because of tax policies in different countries/regions. In this paper, we consider...

In this paper, we consider the impact of competition type (i.e., quantity competition vs. price competition) to study a manufacturer's preference for decision timing when she establishes the direct channel: she can choose to decide the retail price or quantity in the direct channel earlier than,...

Remanufacturing is a sustainable practice as it can save resources and alleviate environmental pollution. However, the process of remanufacturing can be subject to yield uncertainty if the manufacturer is not sufficiently professional. In this paper, we consider a retailer selling both new and...