So-called 'gated' communities have become common throughout the continents of Asia and America. Such communities are characterised by the ability to provide public goods and perform governance functions, independent of central and local government. It would be surprising if such communities did...

The authors surveyed 41 firms in and around Moscow in the last two weeks of November 1992 to get an empirical handle on how firms are responding to the changing economic environment. They found the following conclusions. There were large negative (supply and demand) shocks to output for a...

Using a unique firm level data set from the Chinese manufacturing sector, this paper analyses the impact of production subsidies on firms' export performance. It documents robust evidence that production subsidies stimulate export activity, although this effect is conditional on firm...