This study investigates the characteristics of the European non-financial corporations (NFC's) bond issuers in the … period 2004-2015. We find that bond issuers are significantly different from non-bond issuers; they are larger and older, and … listed firms are more likely to issue bonds. Among listed firms bond issuers are more leveraged, but the difference vanishes …

banks in the Chinese bond market, which narrow the primary market spreads of capital bonds issued by systemically important … sample bank consolidated assets as proxies of systemic importance, and use China Development Bank bond yields to calculate …