In this article we show that the marginal welfare costs of inflationary is progressively larger with the inflation rate in Bailey's formulation, but under Baumol--Tobin treatment the opposite applies.

Two closely related numerical general equilibrium models of world trade are used to analyze the potential consequences of US-China bilateral retaliation on trade flows and welfare. One is a conventional Armington trade model with five regions, the US, China, EU, Japan and Rest of the World, and...

This paper assesses the impacts of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) on trade in both goods and services among members using a gravity model applied to a panel dataset covering 20 OECD countries over the period 1996-2008 for trade in goods and 1999-2008 for trade in services. The...

In this article, we present examples of tax-distorted general equilibrium economies in which equilibria are unique in the absence of taxes, but taxes generate multiplicity when introduced over a range of tax rates. We also provide converse examples of economies with multiple no-tax equilibria,...

We discuss whether the introduction of climate change considerations into Nash tariff games increases or reduces post-retaliation tariffs. We briefly discuss how climate change considerations can be introduced into computational trade models. We then calculate optimal tariffs in comparable...

Unlike the case of competitive equilibria for which there is the index theorem, almost nothing is known about multiple equilibria in Nash games. Multiple Nash equilibria are hard to find computationally accounting for spare prior literature discussion. Existing numerical literature on tariff...

The general presumption in the policy literature has been that China's sustained high growth since 2008 and the global financial crisis (with a dip in Q1 2009) have been heavily reflections of the November 2008 4-trillion Renminbi stimulus package. Less attention has been paid to the revenue...

The traditional model of household labour supply incorporates leisure into preferences rather than focusing on how relative costs of production at home and via market activity determine market labour supply. In part, this reflects the lack of simple closed form solutions for the home production...

Given the rapidly growing reserves in Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) and the pressures from trading partners to revalue, there is a need to examine commercial policy in more than a pure barter model. Here we evaluate the joint impacts of exchange rate appreciation on trade flows and...