Although digitisation offers multiple opportunities for rural areas, they still lag behind cities in terms of access and adoption of Internet-based services. This divide is the result of multiple market failures in both the demand and supply of broadband access, which have been addressed through...

The UK economy is unbalanced, with the country's economic activity being dominated by London and the south-east of England. To address this imbalance, governments have initiated a series of initiatives aimed at creating a "Northern Powerhouse" that will realise the north of England's economic...

Over the last decade or so, access to broadband telecommunication services has become increasingly important. Through broadband, households and companies are able to engage with the informationbased economy that is emerging, through, for example, buying and selling online or using social media....

There is substantial analytical value in examining the structure of the ICT sector by deploying the notion of ecosystems, which can help to reveal new insights into the role of key actors and their interrelationships. This paper aims to provide a thorough analysis of Luxembourg's ICT ecosystem,...

While the international radio regulations (RR) do not prevent opportunistic access, the application of these regulations largely does not encourage such a concept. This is due to the existence of different elements of restriction within these regulations including the absence of a quantified...

Utility providers, such as energy companies and railway operators, have been long emphasised as driving competition and facilitating investment in broadband markets. Nevertheless, their involvement and contribution to broadband development has varied significantly over time. In the late 1990s,...