We show that a transversality condition is necessary when it comes to valuing a company with an infinite lifespan. Without transversality the firm value cannot be uniquely determined. Also, an assumption on a lower bound of cash flows is necessary to achieve the desired result. We discuss four...

It is well-known that stock prices fluctuate far more than dividends. Traditional valuation methods are not able to depict this fact. In this paper we incorporate excess volatility into a simple DCF model by considering an autoregressive cash flows process with random coefficients. We show that...

This open access textbook is the first to provide Business and Economics Ph.D. students with a precise and intuitive introduction to the formal backgrounds of modern financial theory. It explains Brownian motion, random processes, measures, and Lebesgue integrals intuitively, but without...