This paper studies three specific issues around the application of competition policy to big data. The first issue relates to market power assessment and analyses the power given by data control in the big data value chain. The second and third issues relate to abuse of dominance assessment and...

Although the essential facilities doctrine has not been applied recently anymore in EU competition enforcement, it is regularly referred to in EU policy discussions as a tool to open up markets in which ‘tech giants' act as gatekeepers to consumers. Considering that the digital economy is not...

A consensus is emerging that a flourishing European data economy requires effective portability of and access to data for individuals as well as businesses. Beyond the right to data portability introduced in the General Data Protection Regulation, a number of data access regimes are being...

To prevent market tipping, which inhibits innovation, there is an urgent need to mandate sharing of user information in data-driven markets. Existing legal mechanisms to impose data sharing under EU competition law and data portability under the GDPR are not sufficient to tackle this problem....

To prevent data-driven markets from tipping towards monopoly, policy makers should consider the introduction of data-sharing requirements in specific sectors. Inspiration on how to reconcile the interests of competition, innovation and data protection can be drawn from legislative initiatives

While algorithms bring about benefits for consumers in the form of more efficient price setting, concerns have also been expressed about possible adverse effects including discrimination. The paper takes a competition law perspective in analysing a type of discrimination that is said to be...

With this submission, I would like to take the opportunity to respond to the European Commission's call for feedback on the evaluation of the Market Definition Notice. My comments mainly focus on the relevance and coherence of the Notice as two of the five evaluation criteria listed by the...