Universally, as a key and essential driver of accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) are recognized as a fundamental ingredients (Anand and Kedia 2015). There is a growing appreciation that in a multifarious ways, STI can drive inclusive...

The concept of green energy has come to the fore as a strategic sustainable energy formation process for the whole world since last three decades, but it has gained enormous interest during recent years. Green Energy is referred to clean sources of energy that generates lower environmental...

Fair Trade (FT) is a societal movement that aims to support poor and vulnerable producers in developing nations to attain improved trading conditions with direct link to consumers and excluding mediators in the trading chain (Young and Utting 2005). Therefore FT allows poor producers to be part...

As clearly defined by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), children's rights entails a conceptual method and guide towards recognising the children as the rightful holders of universally accepted rights just like other human beings (UNCRC, 1989). It is generally...

Global economic change includes economic restructuring, globalisation, technological changes, changes in labour market institutions, and spread of World culture and ideas. Though, the term inequality is very subjective, here inequality indicates the state of not being equal, regarding in rights,...

Debt is created when having to pay back a loan is greater than the opportunities to make a profit or some form of financial security, and this is no different when a state's socio-economic growth depends on the resources required (Nicu 2011). Resources from foreign markets can be either consumed...

The concept of racial discrimination is gaining a lot of recognition and acceptance in the drive to explain and reduce high levels of poverty among various social groups. Racial discrimination has many guises throughout the world as it affects individuals and communities. Racial discrimination...

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the deadliest infectious diseases on the planet. Millions of people and businesses have been placed in lockdown where the main aim is to stop the spread of the virus. As an extreme phenomenon, the lockdown has triggered a global economic shock at an...

The clean energy transitions require a large volume of minerals to handle its diverse technologies, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines etc. Therefore, mineral importing countries concentrated on cleaner energy production confront an uprising trend in critical mineral prices due to...

Reduced electricity demand through the implementation of an energy efficiency policy is a central pillar of the Malaysian government’s energy strategy. Energy efficiency first emerged as part of Malaysia’s energy policy agenda in 1979 but only came into force during the 2000s. Initially, it...