potential. Applications include international conflict, litigation, and elections. Even though only a peaceful agreement avoids … a loss of resources, if this loss is small enough, then any contract must assign a positive probability of conflict. We … show how the likelihood of conflict outbreak depends on the distribution of power between the agents and their information …

contest success functions and battle valuations, and the conflict network can be arbitrary. Under a set of axioms that hold … conflict networks. Furthermore, by assuming full participation, contestant-symmetric valuation, and Tullock contest success …

This paper considers a simple model of zero-sum conflict between two players (e.g., territorial dispute) in which … conflict. A small prior of fanatic commitment type induces the possibility of costly attack followed by withdrawal in …

from surprise warfare may agree to peace, but will later renege on it. It is shown that the levels of conflict chosen by … (sanctions) can reduce or eliminate conflict. These sanctions, however, need to be credible. Finally, the independent provision …