This study examines whether EU competition policy enforcement has led to stronger competition in European gas and electricity markets and hence lower prices, higher investment and improved productivity. Specifically, the study analyses the impact of competition policy enforcement on shortrun...

The study examines the impact of COVID State aid measures (COVID aid) on firm performance for three Member States, namely Italy, Poland and Spain, for which national state aid registers are available. These data on aid recipients are merged with balance sheet data obtained from Bureau Van Dijk...

The Covid-19 pandemic caused a global economic crisis, leading governments to provide substantial State Aid to support firms. This paper examines the effectiveness of Covid-related financial support in Spain and Italy, focusing on its impact on firm recovery. Using a difference-in-differences...

The Covid-19 pandemic caused a global economic crisis, leading governments to provide substantial State Aid to support firms. This paper examines the effectiveness of Covid-related financial support in Spain and Italy, focusing on its impact on firm recovery. Using a difference-in-differences...