voting in Venezuela, we show that not forcing people to vote yielded a more unequal distribution of income. Our evidence … compulsory voting can offset class bias in turnout and, in turn, contribute to the equality of influence …

In this first empirical analysis of how sanctions affect international migration, we apply two estimation strategies, a …, reflecting migration flows from 157 origin countries to 32 destination countries between 1961 and 2018. The data supports that UN … and joint EU-US sanctions increase emigration from target countries by around 20 percent. Our event study results of joint …

attaining a higher living standard and expected low job search costs abroad are strong forces that drive emigration intentions … migration behaviour. Both ties within the household with household members who have international migration experience and ties …

What determines remittances – altruism or enlightened self-interest - and do remittances trigger additional migration … remittances has a positive effect on emigration intentions of household members living in the country of origin. Therefore …, receipt of remittances may contribute to new flows of migration, in particular in the case of Morocco. …

left behind. Migrants’ relatives build their expectations on earnings from migration through received information on the … expected earnings from migration greatly exceed their current wages in the source country, migrant relatives become more … migrants’ relatives on their job dissatisfaction. A larger gap between what an individual could earn in the migration …

? Combining industry-level patenting and migration data from 32 European countries, we show that emigration in fact positively …Does the emigration of skilled individuals necessarily result in losses for source countries due to the brain drain …

This paper establishes a causal link between the emigration of skilled workers and firm performance in source countries …. Using firm-level panel data from ten Eastern European countries, we show that the emigration of skilled workers lowers firm … to 2014 as a source of exogenous variation in the emigration rates from new EU member states. We argue that a potential …

immigration from poor countries by addressing the "root causes" of migration. We review existing evidence on the effectiveness of … that aid's capacity to deter migration is small at best. Aid can only encourage economic growth, employment, and security … in emigration. Third, this evidence implies that donors could achieve greater impact by leveraging foreign aid not to …

refuge in neighboring countries. However, the lack of official numbers on emigration from the Venezuelan government, and … emigration of people from Venezuela. Using a simple statistical model that allows us to correct for a sampling bias in the data …

Despite growing academic and policy interest in the subjective well-being consequences of emigration for those left … global perspective on the well-being consequences of emigration for those staying behind using several subjective well …, only the out-migration of family members is positively associated with life evaluations, while remittances have no …