Customer lifetime value (LTV) models have long been used to focus direct marketing campaigns by allocating resources to those customers who are deemed to offer the most value to the company. Traditionally, customers are rank-ordered by their lifetime value and more marketing resources are...

As part of a widespread frustration with partisan gerrymandering, many states have considered or implemented redistricting reforms—and others will eventually have to—that include a higher degree of citizen participation in proposing and evaluating redistricting plans. In some states without...