Motivated by the literature on the finance–growth nexus, this paper explores the mechanisms through which finance affects corporate investments and capital accumulation. We separate the effects of financial conditions from those of financial development. Based on a sample of firms from five...

We develop empirical models of hedonic prices and derive hedonic indices for measuring changes in customer welfare based upon deep learning. We first generate abstract product attributes, or "features," from text descriptions and images using deep neural networks, and then use these attributes...