The online-to-offline (O2O) e-commerce business model enables customers to place orders online and receive products/services offline. The key element for converting online traffic to offline products/services is a highly efficient logistics system. Compared with conventional e-commerce, the O2O...

Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are expected to be an essential component in developing efficient and sustainable transportation systems. This paper focuses on optimizing the operational decisions of SAV systems when the mode choices between SAVs and human-driven private vehicles are...

This paper proposes a theoretical framework to understand how reviews for professional services, such as those provided by physicians or lawyers, differ from reviews for traditional products. Professional services have certain unique features compared to traditional products such as: (1)...

In this paper, we present a methodology to perform clustering and grouping analysis for dataset with classification constraints or definitions. The discussion is demonstrated with a full example based on real data. We start with the observed difference in the CIA and UN subregional definition of...

For multinational corporations (MNCs), the product strategy regarding global standardization vs. local adaptation has long been regarded as a trade-off. In this study, we focus on the underlying logics, i.e. efficiency logic and market logic, which are competing under market demand...

The advancement of IT has made it easy to communicate the online review information of a product and its previous sales volume information, both of which affect consumer purchase. How should firms react to the coexistence of these two types of information? Should the firms reduce their prices...

With the transformation of Chinese economy from extensive growth to intensive development, city development is also gradually turning from incremental construction to stock management. Community, as the basic unit of human settlements, is the important platform to build and improve the social...

The Internal Rating Based (IRB) approach is a regulatory approach that allows the banks to estimate the Probability of Default (PD) using own model. The estimated PD is then used in the calculation of the regulatory capital, thus the bank's capital is affected by any uncertainties found in the...

The Spearman Correlation is a well known approach to assess the rank correlation of two data sets. One of the advantages choosing Spearman over other correlation coefficients such as the Pearson is that the difference in original value series is less important while the relative rank of the...