Section 523(a)(2)(B) of the United States Bankruptcy Code provides that a debt incurred as a result of written fraud … cannot be discharged by a bankruptcy proceeding. Though section 523(a)(2)(B) provides elements of this nondischargeable fraud …, one common element of fraud is conspicuously missing from this list-damages incurred as a result of the fraud. Whether …

propensities to engage in financial fraud. Firms that receive subsidies are likely to have greater influence over the lawmakers who … firms receiving tax breaks -- but not cash grants -- tend to engage in fraud more frequently relative to nonrecipient firms …. Additionally, there is no relation between fraud and subsidies received in other states, even though those subsidies are similar in …

costly treatment or repair. In these markets fraud is both persistent and pervasive. This paper analyzes these markets … analysis show that fraud is a prevalent equilibrium phenomenon that is somewhat mitigated by customers’ loyalty …

In the context of section 10(b) securities fraud class actions, conceptualizing corporate intent is both an unnatural … corporation itself. But recognizing the fraud-deterrence purpose of these class actions suggests that when corporate liability is … on the table, courts should focus more on the ideal of optimal deterrence of fraud. This Note applies optimal deterrence …

corporate scandals. In today’s world, almost all companies are exposed to the danger of fraud. Much work on the business risk of … corporate fraud has been carried out; however, researchers still have tough discussions on the most effective methods to adopt … to tackle fraud. In accordance with previous studies, it is possible to say that companies which obey the corporate …