This paper examines the causal relationship between energy efficiency and economic growth based on panel data for 56 … of a long-run Granger causality from economic growth to lower energy intensity for all countries. The study also finds … evidence of long-run bidirectional causality between lower energy intensity and higher economic growth for middle …

vector autoregression (VAR) approach developed by Toda and Phillips, we examine the causality between FDI and growth in China …Studies on how foreign direct investment (FDI) interacts with host economic growth are obviously important. Using the … error-correction analyses. The result reveals that the two-way causality between FDI and growth in China is not highly …