Since the mid-nineties, agricultural economists discuss the suitability of "weather derivatives" as hedging instruments for volumetric risks in agriculture. Contrary to traditional insurance contracts, the payoffs of such derivatives are linked to weather indices (e.g. accumulated rainfall or...

The paper provides an overview of the hedge fund industry, mainly from a financial stability and European angle. It is primarily based on an extensive analysis of information from the TASS database. On the positive side of the financial stability assessment, hedge funds have a role as providers...

This report summarises the findings of the task force. It is organised as follows. Section 2 starts with a discussion of the relevance of credit risk for central banks. It is followed by a short introduction to credit risk models, parameters and systems in Section 3, focusing on models used by...

Die Diversifikation von Risiken spielt für Immobilieninvestoren eine große Rolle. Eine Möglichkeit hierzu stellt die Internationalisierung der Immobilienportfolios dar. Angesichts der Globalisierung und der monetären Integration in Europa sowie der hiermit erwarteten Annäherung der...

The report deals with the current questions relating to the work-out, outsourcing and servicing of non-performing-loans. After a brief market description the paper addresses the specific problems, which arise when servicing real estate and corporate loans. Within these framework issues, which...

We study the impact of the COVID-19 shock on the portfolio exposures of euro area investors. The analysis "looks-through" holdings of investment fund shares to first gauge euro area investors' full exposures to global debt securities and listed shares by sector at end-2019 and to subsequently...

This paper puts forward an alternative approach to multiplicative models and their assessment of returns out of financial assets. Firstly, it lays down an operative definition but also sets forth a commutative framework of mappings to provide foundations to such a definition. Next, the total...