This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering … show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property … on why developing countries should encourage FDI and strengthen the IPR regime together to enhance domestic innovation …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … Office on affected inventors' subsequent patenting. We exploit exogenous variation in invalidation by leveraging the … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of …

type of independent patent claims, we show an increase in the annual share of process claims of about 25 percentage points … (from below 10% in 1920). This rise in process intensity is not limited to a few patent classes but can be observed across a … shorter than product claims; but this gap has narrowed since the 1970s. These patterns suggest that the patent breadth and …

We examine the accessibility and functioning of the patent system in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state … that existed between 1815 and 1830. The country's patent law combined an examination process with significant government … discretion over a patent's duration and cost. Using our hand-collected database of all patent applications-granted, withdrawn …

incentives to innovate for society. Vociferous debates over patent reform pit the United States’ largest innovation industries … against each other in a dispute concerning whether stronger or weaker patent rights are necessary to promote innovation. Past … relationship between innovation and patent law. Rather than considering such problems directly, the proxy technique introduced here …

researchers and healthcare providers without infringing a gene patent. Many have voiced concern that this perceived thicket of … mentioned in a US patent claim. The myth that 20% of human genes are “patented” has taken root because too many have incorrectly … inferred that the mere “mention” of a gene in a patent claim precludes all uses of the gene. To better understand the actual …

patent, with a special weight on academic or scientific literature, foreign patents, and a tight circle of research fields …

In this paper, we study the determinants of patent quality and volume of patent applications when inventors care about … perceived patent quality. We analyze the effects of various policy reforms, specifically, a proposal to establish a two …-tiered patent system. In the two-tiered system, applicants can choose between a regular patent and a more costly, possibly more …

the frontiers of knowledge. It is difficult, however, to obtain a patent for an invention which seems impossible … becomes possible? History reveals that the Patent Office and the courts will continue to deny patents for a long time …, prevents the patent system from sitting at the cutting edge of technology, and frustrates the patent system’s overarching goal …

This essay is the introduction to a forthcoming volume entitled, Regulating Innovation: Competition Policy and Patent … relationship between regulation - both through competition policy and patent law - and innovation, and the corresponding …, this essay introduces the organizing themes of the volume. Innovation is critical to economic growth. While it is well …