Life insurers use accounting and actuarial techniques to smooth reporting of firm assets and liabilities, seeking to transfer surpluses in good years to cover benefit payouts in bad years. Nevertheless, these techniques been criticized as they make it difficult to assess insurers' true financial...

The aim of these Lecture Notes is to complement the material, concerning Life Insurance, presented in the textbook by A. Olivieri and E. Pitacco, “Introduction to Insurance Mathematics. Technical and Financial Features of Risk Tansfers”, by providing the basics of a time-continuous setting...