Portfolio optimization, which is performed while investing in any asset, is an important issue for all investors and finance researchers. In this study, the Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm (AHA), which has been proposed in recent years, was implemented for portfolio optimization by...

Existing methods of prioritizing rural roads for construction in hilly and mountainous settings require expensive data collection or major simplifications of ground conditions. Traditional social surplus based-methods favor economic and political decision criteria over social criteria, despite...