Recent debates of basic income (BI) proposals shine a useful spotlight on the challenges that traditional forms of income support are increasingly facing, and highlight gaps in social provisions that largely depend on income or employment status. A universal "no questions asked" public transfer...

The UK government's proposed package of tax and benefit changes (those announced in fiscal events up to and including the July Budget) to be introduced between 2015-16 and 2019-20 will reduce the incomes of households in Wales by £459 a year on average (an aggregate loss of around £600...

The UK government's proposed package of tax and benefit changes to be introduced between 2015-16 and 2019-20 (those announced in fiscal events up to and including the July Budget) will reduce household incomes by £455 a year on average. However, this average figure disguises considerable...

Conventional in-work benefits (IWB) are means-tested, open to all workers with sufficiently low income, and usually paid without a time-limit. This paper evaluates an IWB with an alternative design that was aimed at lone parents in the UK and piloted in one third of the country, and that...

Biomethane is an indigenously produced gaseous sustainable transport fuel that uses organic feedstock. Allowing for a realistic collection of organic residues and grass silage from 2.5% of pasture land would allow Ireland to generate 17% renewable energy supply in transport (RES-T) and surpass...

Biomethane is an energy vector suitable for renewable transport fuel which may derive energy through three different methodologies: thermal gasification; biological anaerobic digestion; and conversion of electricity to hydrogen (via electrolysis) and on to methane as described by the Sabatier...

In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Ireland either did not work or only to a limited extent. As the labour-market recovery gathered pace during 2013, 32% were without employment during the entire year, and a further 14% had weak...

In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Italy either did not work or only to a limited extent. As the employment rate bottomed out in 2013, 32% were without employment during the entire year, and a further 7% had weak labour-market...

The UK government is in the process of introducing a radical package of welfare reforms that it hopes will encourage more people to work as well as reducing government expenditure. The largest structural change planned is the introduction of universal credit to combine six existing means-tested...