The global financial crisis and stiff market competition enhance risk exposures that raise debate on the cost of … financial intermediation and the supremacy of banks' efficiency. This study examines the concurrent effects of bank risk … risk-taking negatively affects the return. Cost-efficient banks are taking more credit risk; however, more efficiency gains …

exposes banks to stricter market discipline, then decreases the risk-taking behaviors of bank management compared with non …

relationship between inequality of entitlements, mortality risk, and the size of redistribution in a stylized social security … system. We find that mortality risk, when negatively correlated with entitlements, significantly lowers subjects' willingness …