Copula functions have proven to be extremely useful in describing joint default and survival probabilities in credit risk applications. We overview the state of the art and point out some open modelling issues. We discuss first joint default modelling in diffusion based structural models, then...

The most common approach for default dependence modelling is at present copula functions. Within this framework, the paper examines factor copulas, which are the industry standard, together with their latest development, namely the incorporation of sudden jumps to default instead of a pure...

In this note we use doubly stochastic processes (or Cox processes) in order to model the evolution of the stochastic force of mortality of an individual aged x. These processes have been widely used in the credit risk literature in modelling the default arrival, and in this context have proved...

Structural models of credit risk are known to present vanishing spreads at very short maturities. This shortcoming, which is due to the diffusive behavior assumed for asset values, can be circumvented by considering discontinuities of the jump type in their evolution over time. In particular,...

Normal mean variance mixtures are extensively applied in finance. Under conditions for infinite divisibility they generate subordinated Brownian motions, used to represent stocks returns. The standard generalization to the multivariate setting of normal mean variance mixture does not allow for...

In this paper, we address the mortality risk of individuals and adopt parsimonious time- homogeneous a±ne processes for their mortality intensities. We calibrate the models to different generations in the UK population and investigate their empirical appropriateness. We find that, in spite of...

In a recently reprinted paper Borch wonders whether an increase in loadings, together with a consequent increase in deductibles, may start a vicoius circle, ad infinitum. This paper rules out the possibility of a vicious circle, in a model à la Borch. First of all, in his setting, increases in...

The most common approach for default dependence modelling is at present copula functions. Within this framework, the paper examines factor copulas, which are the industry standard, together with their latest development, namely the incorporation of sudden jumps to default instead of a pure...

The paper explores the fit properties of a class of multivariate Lévy processes, which are characterized as time-changed correlated Brownian motions. The time-change has a common and an idiosyncratic component, to re ect the properties of trade, which it represents. The resulting process may...

We analyze theoretically banks’ choice of organizational structures in branches or subsidiaries in the presence of government bailouts, default costs and - possibly - economies of scale as sources of financial synergies. We compare with stand-alone banks. Subsidiary and branch structures...