Phosphorus is a key element in food production, but is a non-renewable resource. Recent estimates suggest that global production of P fertilizers will peak in 2033 and will be one third of that peak level by the end of the 21st century. Population and income growth will increase demand for food,...

The monetary transmission mechanism plays an important role in studying the effects of monetary policy on the real side of the economy. At least since Chari et al. (2000) it is generally accepted that new keynesian models of the business cycle display a persistence problem. In this paper, we...

Eine Vielzahl von Forschungsbeiträgen zur Quantifizierung der Präventivwirkung von Strafmaßnahmen haben gemeinsam, diese Abschreckungswirkung im Sinne der ökonomischen Theorie der Kriminalität zumindest einem der Faktoren Strafhöhe und/oder Strafwahrscheinlichkeit zuzusprechen. Inhaltlich...

This contribution examines the mechanisms for inducing compliance with international norms and rules as one major form of institutional effects. More specifically, it tackles the process from norm recognition to norm compliance. Two social logics of institutional impact are distinguished. They...

The global integration of financial markets has been accompanied by a transformation of their governance structures. Private intermediary organisations now play a more important role than in the past. A prominent example is provided by the commercial credit rating agencies that have established...

The political power of non-state actors (NSAs) remains a contested issue, as the continuing debates between neo-realists and transnationalists within the Study of International Relations (SIR) show. This paper builds on as well as tries to transcend this debate. Its objective is to bring more...