The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding...

This paper seeks to contribute to the debate on the carbon leakage phenomenon via the channel of competitiveness leakage by focusing on China’s bilateral trade. Based on a highly disaggregated database that includes 1,033 products and 117 trade partners from 1995 to 2012, we measure the...

One of the questions thrown up by the rapid proliferation of treaties on environmental protection is that of non-compliance with their provisions by the States Parties. For this purpose, non-compliance mechanisms have been adopted in the framework of several of these treaties. The most advanced...

In the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, industrialized countries agreed on binding absolute targets for greenhouse gas emissions and on the admission of flexible market-economy instruments - such as emissions trading, joint implementation and the clean development...

Efforts to provide global public goods clash with the challenges of coordinating contributions and distributing costs equitably. In this experimental setting, the researchers distribute endowments unequally among a group of people who can reach a target sum through successive contributions....

Given the global nature of environmental challenges facing humanity, the role of international environmental institutions driving global and national sustainability goals is paramount. Firms are primary agents that can contribute to sustainability goals by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and...