Reduzierung der ursprünglichen Pläne zusammen mit der Wasserentnahme des Irak die jährliche Abflußmenge des Euphrat. Die …

"Rivers of the Sultan offers a history of the Ottoman Empire's management of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the … the Tigris and Euphrates in the hands of Istanbul. The political unification of the longest rivers in West Asia allowed … Iraq. This imperial system of waterborne communication, the book argues, created heavily militarized fortresses that …

The Kurdistan region of Iraq is facing an economic and humanitarian crisis as a result of the influx of Syrian refugees …

, Somalia, Syria, the Central African Republic or Iraq, taxing passage is a consistent feature of how conflict actors sustain …, checkpoints form a key source of revenue for parties to the conflict. Whether in Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of Congo …

report looks at illicit trade flows in four separate conflict-affected countries in the MENA region: Iraq, Libya, Syria and …