Civilians who have fled violent conflict and settled in neighboring countries are integral to processes of civil war … violence. In a survey of 1,120 Syrian refugees in Turkey conducted in 2016, we use experiments to examine attitudes towards two … critical phases of conflict termination - a ceasefire and a peace agreement. We test the malleability of refugees' attitudes to …

India. We code data on Hindu-Muslim violence and Muslim political representation in India and leverage quasi …We investigate the impact of the political representation of minority groups on the incidence of ethnic conflict in … results in a large and significant decline in Hindu-Muslim conflict. The average result is driven by richer states and those …

experienced cycles of violence between the 1960s and 1980s. Can such violence be explained by legacies of mobilization during … fascism? We study whether and how the Italian fascist experience of the 1920s affected political violence during the 1970s and … regime-predicts neofascist political violence at the provincial level more than 40 years later. New windows of opportunity …

armed conflict in 2021. The international development community has identified armed conflict as an impediment to … development and provides considerable resources to reduce armed conflicts. However, other forms of violence, such as suicide …, homicide, and assault, are vastly more prevalent and far more widely distributed across countries than armed conflict. For some …