In the recent decade, the topic of environmental sustainability and its determinants has gained the attention of environmental policy analysts and academicians. However, some crucial factors that can affect environmental sustainability have not yet been explored in the literature. In this...

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are both the economic and political bases of the Chinese Communist Party (the Party) and the Chinese state. The overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise system. This principle creates a political...