The creative industries have been identified as a key sector for the UK's economic recovery. Despite the intense focus, however, the working practices of their labour force remain largely enigmatic to public policy. Particularly, freelancers, who make up a large proportion of labour within the...

This work is concerned with a class of semilinear stochastic functional parabolic differential equations of retarded type. We first establish conditions to ensure the existence of a unique non-negative solution of the stochastic delay partial differential equation under investigation....

China's urban household saving rate has increased markedly since the mid-1990s and the age-savings profile has become U-shaped. To understand these patterns, we analyze a panel of urban Chinese households over the period 1989–2009. We document a sharp increase in income uncertainty, largely...

In this note, we shall consider the existence of invariant measures for a class of infinite dimensional stochastic functional differential equations with delay whose driving semigroup is eventually norm continuous. The results obtained are applied to stochastic heat equations with distributed...

Recently, studies of microalgae in China have increased a lot because of their obvious advantages over other biological fuels. In this paper, the combustion behavior of Chlorella vulgaris (a genus of unicellular green microalgae) was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) from room...

The aim of this paper is to investigate exponential stability of paths for a class of Hilbert space-valued non-linear stochastic evolution equations. The analyses consist in using exponential martingale formula, Lyapunov functional and some special inequalities derived for our stability...

A strong solutions approximation approach for mild solutions of stochastic functional differential equations with Markovian switching driven by Lévy martingales in Hilbert spaces is considered. The Razumikhin-Lyapunov type function methods and comparison principles are studied in pursuit of...

Sufficient conditions for almost surely asymptotic stability with a certain decay function of sample paths, which are given by mild solutions to a class of semilinear stochastic evolution equations, are presented. The analysis is based on introducing approximating system with strong solution and...

Existence, uniqueness and continuity of mild solutions are established for stochastic linear functional differential equations in an appropriate Hilbert space which is particularly suitable for stability analysis. An attempt is made to obtain some infinite dimensional stochastic extensions of...

We examine the labor market consequences of an exogenous increase in the supply of skilled labor in several cities in Norway, resulting from the construction of new colleges in the 1970s. We find that skilled wages increased as a response, suggesting that along with an increase in the supply...