Organizations interacting repeatedly on similar transactions may learn from prior experiences, allowing contracts to be specified in greater detail. In this study, we analyze the conditions under which this learning effect is most likely to manifest itself by focusing on different parts of a...

This article provides empirical tests of the hypothesis of ‘optimal cognitive distance’, proposed by Nooteboom (1999, 2000), in two distinct empirical settings. Variety of cognition, needed for learning, has two dimensions: the number of agents with different cognition, and differences in...

Management research has alluded to organizational and environmental conditions that drive firms' tendencies to explore versus exploit. We complement this research by developing theory on vicarious learning to explain how a firm adjusts its own exploration level based on the exploration levels of...

1. Introduction -- 2. Inter-organizational Learning and Collaboration -- 3. Vertical Collaboration and Horizontal Collaboration in Supply Chain -- 4. Model for Horizontal Collaboration Dynamics -- 5. Case Studies -- 6. Managerial Recommendations -- Annexes.