This examination of non-slave labour in Spain complements existing studies on Italy, Gaul and Africa, and thus fills an urgent gap in our understanding of the Roman economy while providing a basis for comparison with the other western provinces. The role of Hispano-Roman non-slave labour in all...

The Silk Roads were a decentralized network of trade routes that connected ancient cities across Eurasia. Goods, ideas, people, and technology moved along the roads for over 1,500 years. Using a detailed georeferenced map of the entire trade network, this paper finds that areas within 50 KM of...

Our objectives in this paper are threefold. First, we identify the nature of entrepreneurial climate in ancient Athens. Drawing on the analyses of Athenian writers we argue that, although philosophers, politicians, and generals enjoyed greater civil and social status relative to those pursuing...