This paper offers an explanation for audit committee failures within a corporate governance context. We consider a setting in which the management of a firm sets up financial statements that are possibly biased. These statements are reviewed/audited by an external auditor and by an audit...

The basic hypothesis of this study is that producers do not realize, individually, the importance of adopting preventive measures, even aware of the economic risks for them and for the local economy, because outbreaks of some diseases are not frequent. Moreover, the presence of externalities...

Fruit production is an activity of great importance in the Brazilian commercial balance and even more in the Northeastern region. Intermediation is a regular practice in the fruit exporting market due to existence of requirements, such as quality certificates, and of internal problems in...

This paper investigates the impact of determination of an original initiator of transmission on demand as well as profits of the providers. For that purpose we present a new model, called differentiated traffic-based interconnection agreement (DTIA) that differentiates traffic into two types,...

Human players in our laboratory experiment received flow payoffs over 120 seconds each period from a standard Hawk-Dove bimatrix game played in continuous time. Play converged closely to the symmetric mixed Nash equilibrium under a one-population matching protocol. When the same players were...

We analyze the impact of different organizational structures on incentives to invest in railways: vertical integration, vertical separation, and a hybrid form. Economic theory predicts that vertical integration fosters socially optimal investment, whereas, due to potential hold-up problems, both...

This paper focuses on decision making related to the use of strategic thinking in dual sourcing. The general purpose is to present a novel approach to managing strategic moves by considering the suppliers' possible actions in terms of supply uncertainty and product substitutability by...

We try to show that the use of alternating decision making in an infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma type game may enable sophisticated players to achieve perpetual cooperation starting from any initial position and without any prior communication, and that the ability of players to do so...

Outsourcing is currently being used as an important strategy for many companies in the USA to focus on the core competency, reduce cost and increase profit. We consider a company (buyer) outsourcing a part of her service. One of the main concerns of outsourcing is the quality of service. We use...