In competitive environments, the design and election of strategies demand considered three potential sources of uncertainty: risks derived from self-actions, risks emerged from states of nature and risks derived from competitor' decisions. The Real Options Theory analyses the first two risks,...

Several scholars have concluded that ethnic diversity has negative consequences for social trust. However, recent research has called into question whether ethnic diversity per se has detrimental effects, or whether lower levels of trust in diverse communities simply reflect a higher...

Chapter 1 System Science -- Chapter 2 Decision-Making Methods -- Chapter 3 Prediction Methods -- Chapter 4 Evaluation Methods -- Chapter 5 Optimization Algorithm -- Chapter 6 System Reliability -- Chapter 7 Game Theory -- Chapter 8 Management Simulation -- Chapter 9 Complexity Science.-Chapter...

PART I Static Games -- Noncooperative Games -- Cooperative Games -- PART II Deterministic Dynamic Games -- Multistage Games -- Sustainability of Cooperation in Dynamic Games -- PART III Dynamic Games Played Over Event Trees -- Noncooperative DGPET -- Node-Consistent Single-Valued Solutions in...

Uncertainty of environmental conditions is typical for most biological and agricultural systems. This uncertainty has recently become a serious challenge because of global climate changes. Due to delayed response to unpredictable environmental changes, the functioning of these systems is not...