, Russia, provides a natural experiment to empirically investigate this issue. We use the difference-in-difference approach on …

crisis. While Russia's strong short-term macroeconomic fundamentals make it better prepared than many emerging economies to …

proving far deeper and broader than previously thought. The impact on Russia has been accentuated by its structural …. As a result, Russia's real GDP is likely to contract in 2009 by 4.5 percent. The fiscal space for further support to the … economy has shrunk but the government will be able to finance its fiscal deficit thanks to its large fiscal reserves. Russia …

, Russia faces difficult fiscal, financial, and social challenges to sustain the economic recovery and cushion the social …

, Russia included. Global output is now expected to decline full 2.9 percent in 2009, with high-income countries hardest hit …. Real economy and social impact on Russia was also larger than anticipated just a few months ago. And Russia's real GDP in … the weak global demand, external environment for Russia will continue to be difficult over the next 18 months. Short …

Only recently, 20 years after transition to a market system, has Russia regained a similar production level it had …, considered by many as the main engine of growth. The explanation may lie in Russia's difficulties and failure to transform the … weakness of Russia. Given the very high 'cost of transition', the question is raised whether the socialist growth strategy (as …

The paper emphasizes the transition in Russia and the role institutions played before and during the process. In Russia … recovered and partly achieved their pre-1991 levels at the end of the last decade. The paper depicts Russia's reform efforts and … demonstrated. The patrimonial system that persisted for centuries is still observable at the state level. At any rate, Russia can …