Over the past 35 years, employment in Austria grew at a slower pace than the EU average. Massive shifts in employment occurred away from shrinking and towards expanding sectors, and new jobs were created primarily in the public sector. Annual working hours declined precipitously over the period,...

This article is the result of a joint research and forecasting effort of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO) and the Austrian Central Statistical Office (ÖSTAT). The projection of the labor force participation rates was performed by WIFO based on the WIFO database of the Austrian...

Globalisation and the ageing of the work force represent a dual challenge for enterprises. The first exerts pressure on production costs in order to stay competitive, the second raises production costs as the productivity of workers tends to decline after a certain age, particularly for...

The deceleration of labor supply growth in the late 1990s is linked with the aging of the work force. The process of aging raises macroeconomic as well as microeconomic policy issues. The macroeconomic issues are linked to the rise in transfer costs of an increasing proportion of retired elderly...

The economic linkage of Turkey with Europe is marked by substantial labour flows and comparatively small investment and trade flows. In the late 1990s, a new stage of economic development has been reached. The rapidly growing Turkish economy is in need of skilled personnel, attracting largely...