We develop a bivariate spectral Granger-causality test that can be applied at eachindividual frequency of the spectrum. The spectral approach to Granger causality hasthe distinct advantage that it allows to disentangle (potentially) di®erent Granger-causality relationships over di®erent time...

In this study, the authors conduct a systematic investigation on the evolution in the effectiveness of two important marketing mix instruments, advertising and price, over the business cycle. Analyses are based on 163 branded products in 37 mature CPG categories in the UK, and this for a period...

For over forty years, Business Tendency Surveys have been collected in multiple member states of the European Union. Previous research has studied the predictive accuracy of the expectation variables included in those surveys through bivariate, within-country, Granger-causality tests, which has...

Decomposing Granger causality over the spectrum allows to disentangle potentially different Granger causality relationships over different frequencies. This may yield new and complementary insights compared to traditional versions of Granger causality. In this paper, we compare two existing...