(1997) and Schoenmakers, Coffey (1999). Special attention is payed to log-normal approximations and their simulation by … using direct simulation methods for log-normal random fields. In contrast to the conventional numerical solution of SDE …

. This study addresses this gap by introducing a simulation-based optimization model that integrates system dynamics … simulation and genetic algorithms. The proposed model aims to balance economic profitability and working capital efficiency … reveals its superiority over conventional system dynamics simulation modeling. With its capacity to inform strategic and …