The present paper investigates the causal nexus between exports and economic growth for the sample of BRICS nations, namely, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, using Johansen co-integration and VECM Granger Causality test. The Co-integration test result confirms a significant...

The notion that international trade is the foundation of economic growth dates long back, and even now, an irresistible body of literature confirms a strong and positive link between trade openness and economic growth. However, most of these studies are focused on developed countries. Indeed...

In the first seven months of 2021, the Russian foreign trade turnover significantly exceeded the pre-covid level, increasing by 12.2% compared to January-July 2019. Exports of energy and raw materials in value terms did not return to the pre-crisis level (a decrease of 9.8% compared to...

The classical Wage Fund (Capital or Credit) framework is integrated with the simplest text-book version of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, generating a model that replicates important features of the neo-classical production theory involving capital and labour without neo-classical...

In previous work (Berkowitz, Moenius and Pistor 2006), we have shown that countries with high quality legal institutions specialize in exporting complex products whose characteristics are difficult to fully specify in contracts. The miracle growth in the Asian Nine (China, Hong Kong, Indonesia,...