This paper describes a data set built to analyze patent litigation in the United States during 1929-2006. The data include all patents in published district court and appellate court decisions in which validity and/or infringement are at issue. We collect numerous patent-specific variables and...

This paper analyzes the e ffect of injunctions on royalty negotiations for standard essential patents. We develop a model in which courts grant injunctions only when they have su fficient evidence that the prospective licensee is unwilling, in line with the way we understand Courts to operate in...

The conventional wisdom is that private antitrust enforcement lacks any value. Indeed, skepticism of private enforcement has been so great that its critics make contradictory claims. The first major line of criticism is that private enforcement achieves too little — it does not even minimally...

Chinese courts have generally played a limited, and rather ineffectual, role in implementing economic and social rights (ESR). In contrast, Indian courts have adopted a much more activist approach, and have been long regarded as a global leader in judicial enforcement of ESR. Nevertheless,...

The 287(g) program allows local police agencies to enforce US immigration law, a function otherwise reserved for the federal government. Case studies suggest that the program may decrease unauthorized immigrant population sizes. I test whether participating in 287(g) affected annual growth of...

In Cement, the Court of Justice decided that the automatic voidness provided for by Article 101(2) TFEU applies only to those contractual provisions which are incompatible with Article 101(1) TFEU. The remainder of the agreement and as well as any orders and deliveries made on the basis of the...

Criminal law deals with the protection of public interests and values deemed to be crucial ones for a particular society. In Islam, these values are ascribed to the divine commands. Thus, there will be calls from some Muslims for the implementation of Islamic criminal law by the state for they...

This paper studies cartels' strategic behavior in delaying leniency applications, a take-up decision that has been ignored in the previous literature. Using European Commission decisions issued over a 16-year span, we show, contrary to common beliefs and the existing literature, that...

This paper studies cartels’ strategic behavior in delaying leniency applications, a take-up decision that has been ignored in the previous literature. Using European Commission decisions issued over a 16-year span, we show, contrary to common beliefs and the existing literature, that...