This work underlines some of the main issues that Member States face in attempting to reconcile national tort law systems with EU goals in competition law. As a matter of fact, the very notion of private enforcement tends to achieve two different purposes: on the one hand, corrective justice...

I exploit variation in the congestion of civil courts across Brazilian municipalities, together with a bankruptcy reform increasing secured creditors' protection, to estimate the effect of enforcement on firm access to finance, investment and size. I find that firms operating in municipalities...

Despite the imposition of increasingly substantial fines and recently successful efforts to impose individual liability on corporate executives under the Park doctrine, punishing pharmaceutical companies and their executives for unlawful promotional activities has not been as successful in...

Should companies that have antitrust compliance programmes be granted a reduction in the amount of fines or even immunity from fines when they are found to have committed antitrust infringements? Should the absence of a compliance programme constitute an aggravating factor leading to higher...

Pakistan has recently made extensive reforms of its arbitration laws, which relate to both international commercial and investment arbitration. These reforms amend laws on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration agreements and awards in Pakistan and aim to modernize the applicable...

The international response to corruption raises many important questions: How did corruption become a matter of concern for international law? Was it the result of globalization? Was it the result of a renewed sense of morality around the world? Is this part of a global outcry against the abuse...

The article highlights the definition, various categories, common sources and issues prevalent in corporate crimes. Discussing the significance of corporate governance, corporate culture, business ethics the article gives an idea about its role in enforcement, controlling and preventing...

Since China has modeled its antitrust regime on that of the EU, there are essentially two antitrust regime types: the U.S. and the EU. This chapter is a brief comparative study of the two regimes. I focus on three categories in which fundamental differences are observed: enforcement, legal...

We theoretically study the effect of a third person enforcement on a one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game played by two persons, with whom the third person plays repeated prisoner’s dilemma games. We find that the possibility of the third person’s future punishment causes them to cooperate in...