We elicit human conditional punishment types by conducting experiments. We find that their punishment decisions to an individual are on average significantly positively proportional to other members' punishment decisions to that individual

How do parties engaged in international trade ensure adherence to contracts when contract enforcement is weak? In a dynamic general equilibrium model of matching and repeated interaction, I argue that reputational concern can provide a substitute for formal contract enforcement if the threat of...

According to well-established case-law of the European Court of Justice, in the European Union, parent companies can be fined for antitrust infringements by their subsidiaries. Furthermore, under a new EU Directive, signed into law on 26 November 2014, parent company liability is likely to be...

This article presents the results of a detailed comparative empirical study of sanctions imposed for insider trading in Australia, Canada (Ontario), Hong Kong, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The comparative study is based on a dataset of a significant size, scope and...

This article provides new insight to regime shifting and regime complexes through one of the first detailed analysis of the regime shift in intellectual property law making and enforcement from the World Trade Organization to international investment law. Unlike prior cases of regime shifting...

Past research has shown that people often take punitive actions towards norm violators even when they are not directly involved in transactions. However, it at the same time suggests that such third-party punishment may not be strong enough to enforce cooperation norms in dilemma situations....

We conduct experimental games with police applicants in Germany to investigate whether intrinsically motivated agents self-select into public service. Our focus is on trustworthiness and the willingness to enforce norms as key dimensions of intrinsic motivation in the police context. We find...

Serious economic crimes and violations of economic, social and cultural rights have often been neglected in criminal proceedings and/or reports of truth commissions following economic transitions or armed conflict. Although economic crimes have often resulted in a substantial loss of profit to...

A large literature is focused on governments' fiscal policy making under the disciplining force of fiscal rules. That literature is devoted to map governments' incentives for (non)compliance, but widely ignores the role of fiscal rule enforcement. This is remarkable, given the situation in the...