High tech companies – especially in the emerging areas of the Internet of Things, wearable devices, and personalized medicine – have found it difficult to enforce their patents on interactive technologies. This is especially true when multiple parties combine to perform all of the steps of a...

I examine the relationship between publicly provided enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights and an authentic producer's strategies to influence entry of non-deceptive counterfeit products. I consider investment in supplemental private IP enforcement through the legal system, as well as...

International commercial arbitration provides customized and efficient resolution for disputes arising out of transnational commerce. When arbitration occurs in states that have ratified the New York Convention, the process also offers enforceable outcomes even in states other than the one where...

This paper investigates the ability of monetary policy rules to coordinate private agents' expectations when the enforcement of rules is limited. We show that limited enforcement precludes diverging inflation paths ensuring that nominal variables remain bounded in equilibrium. When applied to...

Business transactions sometimes do not always go as planned. Many business owners at a point in time find themselves in bad debt and deep financial crisis that becomes impossible to remedy.Once an individual or business outfit runs into bad debt, which the creditor does not want to forfeit or...

We study the importance of discretion in antitrust enforcement by analyzing the response of asset prices to the sudden accession of Theodore Roosevelt to the presidency. During McKinley's term in office the largest wave of merger activity in American history occurred, and his administration did...

We construct a framework of firm dynamics to evaluate the impact of the enforcement of contracts between final goods producers and their intermediate goods suppliers on firm life-cycle growth, technology accumulation and aggre-gate productivity. We build upon the tractable contracts model of...

International courts have become a crucial element of protecting employee rights in recent decades. The ‘unorthodox' measures of the Hungarian Orbán government have provided a unique opportunity to test the effectiveness of international courts, since these national measures have been defying...

With two recent preliminary rulings regarding the interpretation to be given to a consumer contract term that allows the supplier in a contract of indeterminate duration unilaterally to alter the tariffs, the European Court of Justice has imposed an acceleration on the enforcement of EU rules...